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Mongolia, a vast land of untamed wilderness, rugged landscapes, and rich nomadic culture, is a dream destination for adventure travelers. From the rolling steppes and towering mountains to the expansive deserts and pristine lakes, Mongolia offers a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural richness that few places on Earth can match. If you’re seeking an adventure that takes you off the beaten path, here’s why Mongolia should be at the top of your list.
Must-Visit Places in Mongolia
Add some of these must visit places in Mongolia to your itinerary.
Ulaanbaatar
Start your journey in the capital city, Ulaanbaatar. While it may not be the most adventurous spot, it’s essential for getting a sense of modern Mongolian life. Visit the Gandan Monastery, the National Museum of Mongolia, and Sukhbaatar Square. Ulaanbaatar is also the gateway to the rest of Mongolia, so take the time to explore its markets, stock up on supplies, and arrange transportation for your adventures.
Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert is one of Mongolia’s most iconic landscapes. This vast desert is a land of extremes, with sand dunes, rugged mountains, and unique wildlife. Visit the towering Khongoryn Els sand dunes, where you can try sandboarding or take a camel trek across the desert. The Flaming Cliffs (Bayanzag) are also a must-see, famous for their rich fossil deposits and striking red hues at sunset.
Orkhon Valley
A UNESCO World Heritage site, the Orkhon Valley is the cradle of Mongolian civilization. It’s an excellent place for cultural immersion and exploration. Here, you can visit the ancient ruins of Karakorum, the former capital of the Mongol Empire, and the stunning Orkhon Waterfall. The valley is also ideal for horse trekking, where you can ride through lush green meadows, past traditional gers, and experience the nomadic way of life.
Khuvsgul Lake
Often referred to as the “Blue Pearl of Mongolia,” Khuvsgul Lake is a stunning alpine lake surrounded by dense forests and mountains. It’s the perfect spot for water-based adventures like kayaking, fishing, and boating. The surrounding Khuvsgul National Park offers hiking trails that take you through pristine wilderness, with opportunities to see reindeer herders and enjoy the serene beauty of the area.
Altai Mountains
The Altai Mountains in western Mongolia are a haven for mountaineers and trekkers. This remote region is home to the Kazakh eagle hunters, who use trained golden eagles to hunt for game. Trekking in the Altai offers a unique opportunity to explore dramatic landscapes, including glaciers, alpine meadows, and rugged peaks. If you’re up for a challenge, consider climbing Khüiten Peak, Mongolia’s highest mountain.
Terelj National Park
Located just a short drive from Ulaanbaatar, Terelj National Park is a fantastic introduction to Mongolia’s wilderness. The park is known for its dramatic rock formations, lush valleys, and dense forests. It’s a great spot for hiking, horseback riding, and camping. Don’t miss the Turtle Rock, a famous natural landmark, and the Aryabal Meditation Temple, which offers stunning views over the park.
Adventure Activities in Mongolia
Mongolia has so much to offer as an adventure travel destination. Here are some of the fun adventure activities in Mongolia.
Horseback Riding
Mongolia is often called the “Land of the Horse,” and horseback riding is an integral part of its culture. Riding through the vast steppes, across rivers, and into the mountains is one of the best ways to experience Mongolia’s rugged landscapes. You can join multi-day horse treks, staying in traditional gers (yurts) and experiencing the nomadic lifestyle firsthand.
Camel Trekking
In the Gobi Desert, camel trekking is a popular activity. The Bactrian camel, with its two humps, is native to Mongolia and perfectly adapted to the harsh desert environment. A camel trek will take you deep into the Gobi’s dunes, where you can camp under the stars and experience the silence of the desert.
Camping and Yurt Stays
Camping in Mongolia is an adventure in itself. The country’s vast wilderness areas, from the Gobi Desert to the Altai Mountains, offer endless opportunities for camping. Whether you’re pitching a tent under the open sky or staying in a traditional ger (yurt), camping allows you to fully immerse yourself in Mongolia’s natural beauty. Many nomadic families offer yurt stays, where you can experience their way of life, share meals, and learn about their traditions. Camping near pristine lakes like Khuvsgul or in the Orkhon Valley provides a tranquil experience, with nights spent under a sky filled with stars.
Hiking and Trekking
Mongolia’s diverse landscapes offer endless opportunities for hiking and trekking. From the rolling hills of the central steppes to the rugged peaks of the Altai Mountains, there are trails for all levels of adventurers. The Khangai Mountains, the Khentii Range, and the Gobi Altai are all excellent trekking destinations.
Kayaking and Rafting
For water sports enthusiasts, Mongolia offers pristine rivers and lakes perfect for kayaking and rafting. The Khuvsgul Lake, as well as rivers like the Orkhon, Selenge, and Tuul, provide opportunities for both tranquil paddling and more challenging white-water experiences.
Mountain Climbing
The Altai Mountains offer some of the best climbing in Mongolia. Khüiten Peak, at 4,374 meters, is the highest point in Mongolia and a challenging climb for experienced mountaineers. The mountain offers stunning views of the surrounding region and is often snow-capped, even in summer.
Eagle Hunting
In the western Altai region, you can witness the ancient tradition of eagle hunting. Kazakh hunters train golden eagles to hunt foxes and hares, a practice passed down through generations. Visiting during the Golden Eagle Festival in October provides a unique opportunity to see these majestic birds in action.
Travel Tips for Mongolia
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Mongolia is from June to September when the weather is warm and dry. The summer months are ideal for outdoor activities like trekking, horseback riding, and camping. However, if you want to experience the Naadam Festival, Mongolia’s biggest cultural event, plan your trip for early July.
Visa Requirements
Most travelers need a visa to enter Mongolia. It’s advisable to apply for your visa in advance, although some nationalities can obtain a visa on arrival. Check with your local embassy or consulate for the latest requirements.
Travel Insurance
Mongolia is a remote and rugged destination, so travel insurance that covers adventure activities is essential. Ensure your policy includes medical evacuation, as healthcare facilities in rural areas are limited.
Transportation
Getting around Mongolia can be challenging due to its vast distances and limited infrastructure. Domestic flights are available between major cities, but most travelers explore the countryside by jeep or on horseback. Hiring a local guide is recommended, especially if you’re venturing into remote areas.
Accommodation
Accommodation options in Mongolia range from hotels in Ulaanbaatar to traditional gers (yurts) in the countryside. Staying in a ger is a must-do experience, offering a glimpse into the nomadic lifestyle. Many ger camps also offer activities like horse riding and cultural performances.
Packing Essentials
Mongolia’s weather can be unpredictable, so pack layers, including a warm jacket, even in summer. Sturdy hiking boots, a good sleeping bag, and a first-aid kit are also essential. If you’re planning to camp, bring your own gear, as rental options may be limited.
Respect the Culture
Mongolia is a deeply traditional country with strong ties to its nomadic heritage. Always ask for permission before taking photos of people, especially in rural areas. When staying in a ger, follow local customs, such as not stepping on the threshold and accepting food or drink with your right hand.
Mongolia is not just a destination; it’s an adventure that will challenge and inspire you. Whether you’re trekking through the mountains, riding horses across the steppe, or camping under the vast desert sky, Mongolia offers an unparalleled sense of freedom and connection to nature. Prepare to be captivated by its raw beauty and the warmth of its people, and embark on a journey that will leave you with memories to last a lifetime.
